How does the UK childcare energy-balance environment influence anthropometry of children aged 3-4 years? A cross-sectional exploration.
BMJ Open 2018 ; 8: e021520.
Hesketh KR, Benjamin-Neelon SE, van Sluijs EMF
DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021520
PubMed ID : 30002012
PMCID : PMC6082453
URL : https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021520
Abstract
To assess the association between time spent in care, the childcare energy-balance environment, and preschool-aged children's body mass index z-score (z-BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and sum of skinfold thickness (SST).
Cross-sectional study.
Children aged 3-4 years were recruited from 30 childcare centres in Cambridgeshire (UK) in 2013.
Objectively measured height and weight was used to calculate z-BMI; waist circumference and height were used to generate WHR; subscapular and tricep skinfolds were used to calculate SST. Associations between childcare attendance, the nutrition, physical activity, and overall childcare environment, and three anthropometric outcomes were explored using two-level hierarchical regression models, adjusting for demographic and family based confounders.
Valid data were available for 196 children (49% female). Time spent in care, the nutrition, physical activity and overall childcare environment were not associated with children's z-BMI, WHR and SST.
Childcare environment and level of attendance were not associated with UK preschool-aged children's anthropometry. The childcare environment has been central to intervention efforts to prevent/reduce early childhood obesity, yet other factors, including child-level, family level, wider environmental and policy-level factors warrant substantial attention when considering obesity prevention strategies for young children.